Is surgery necessary for cervical polyps?

Whether cervical polyps require surgery depends on the polyp size, symptoms and pathological properties. In most cases, asymptomatic small polyps do not require surgery, but surgical removal is recommended when there is abnormal bleeding, repeated infection or the risk of cancer.

Smaller cervical polyps usually have no obvious symptoms and may be caused by chronic inflammation or hormonal stimulation. Such polyps are accidentally discovered during gynecological examinations. If they do not cause irregular vaginal bleeding, increased secretions, or bleeding after intercourse, they can be left alone for the time being and reviewed regularly. Some polyps will naturally fall off during the menstrual cycle. Daily attention to keeping the perineum clean and avoiding overexertion can help reduce inflammatory stimulation. However, for women who are preparing for pregnancy, it is recommended to remove them in advance even if they are asymptomatic to avoid polyps enlarging and bleeding due to hormonal changes during pregnancy.

When the diameter of cervical polyps exceeds 1 cm, surface ulceration is accompanied by contact bleeding, or pathological examination shows cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, surgical intervention needs to be considered. High-frequency electrosurgical circumcision and cold knife conization are commonly used procedures. The former has less bleeding and faster recovery, while the latter is more suitable for suspected cancer cases. It is necessary to refrain from bathing and sexual intercourse for 1 month after surgery, and to regularly review HPV and TCT to prevent recurrence. If the root of the polyp is deep or combined with cervical canal lesions, hysteroscopic resection may be required to ensure complete removal of the lesion.

After the operation, you should avoid spicy and irritating foods, increase the intake of high-quality protein and vitamins to promote wound healing, and review the colposcopy 3 months after the operation to evaluate the recovery. Daily blood sugar and blood pressure need to be controlled to reduce the risk of vascular proliferation. Using condoms during intercourse can reduce the probability of HPV infection. If postoperative fever, heavy bleeding or persistent abdominal pain occurs, you must return to the hospital for examination in time.